Скин С., Томлинсон М. Предотвращение насилия над детьми в странах с низким и средним уровнями дохода населения: призыв к действию
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Скин С., Томлинсон М. Предотвращение насилия над детьми в странах с низким и средним уровнями дохода населения: призыв к действию // Современное дошкольное образование. Теория и практика. – 2014. – №1. – С.70–79.
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Аннотация
Жестокое обращение с детьми широко распространено в разных странах и культурах, но в странах с низким и средним уровнями доходов дети наиболее уязвимы. Из множества известных подходов по предотвращению насилия над детьми, в странах с высоким уровнем доходов был тщательно исследован и успешно применялся подход, оказывающий воздействие непосредственно на семью.
К сожалению, недостаточно исследованы способы предотвращения жестокого обращения с детьми в странах с низким и средним уровнями доходов. За период с 1995 по 2011 годы было опубликовано только одно исследование на эту тему. Учитывая эти обстоятельства, исследование предотвращения жестокого обращения с детьми в странах с низким и средним уровнями доходов является актуальным. Так как данных мало, мы сконцентрировались на двух социологических исследованиях, которые содержали в себе сведения о посещениях работниками здравоохранения семей до и после рождения ребенка. Мы выделили четыре направления, включающих в себя: увеличение инвестирования ранних вмешательств и профилактических программ, совершенствование плана соответствующих мероприятий, осуществление работы по расширению сфер вмешательства и повышение качества получаемой информации о плохом обращении с детьми.
К сожалению, недостаточно исследованы способы предотвращения жестокого обращения с детьми в странах с низким и средним уровнями доходов. За период с 1995 по 2011 годы было опубликовано только одно исследование на эту тему. Учитывая эти обстоятельства, исследование предотвращения жестокого обращения с детьми в странах с низким и средним уровнями доходов является актуальным. Так как данных мало, мы сконцентрировались на двух социологических исследованиях, которые содержали в себе сведения о посещениях работниками здравоохранения семей до и после рождения ребенка. Мы выделили четыре направления, включающих в себя: увеличение инвестирования ранних вмешательств и профилактических программ, совершенствование плана соответствующих мероприятий, осуществление работы по расширению сфер вмешательства и повышение качества получаемой информации о плохом обращении с детьми.
Литература
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2. Barlow, J., Simkiss, D., & Stewart-Brown, S.
(2006).Interventions to prevent or ameliorate child physical abuse and neglect: Findings from a systematic review of reviews. Journal of Children’s Services, 1, 6–28.
3. Bhutta, Z. A., Thaver, D., Akram, D. S., & Khan, M. (2004). A situation and program analysis of malnutrition among women and children In Pakistan: Can we break the time warp? Maternal and child health in Pakistan: Challenges and opportunities (Vol. 1, pp. 151–172). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
4. Bhutta, Z. A., Chopra, M., Axelson, H., Berman, P., Boerma, T., Bryce, J., Wardlaw, T. (2010). Countdown to 2015 decade report (2000–10):Taking stock of maternal, newborn, and child survival. Lancet, 375, 2032–2044.
5. Cicchetti, D., Rogosch, F. A., & Toth, S. L. (2006).Fostering secure attachment in infants in maltreating families through preventive interventions.Development and Psychopathology, 18, 623–649.
6. Cooper, P. J., Tomlinson, M., Swartz, L., Landman, M., Molteno, C., Stein, A., Murray, L.
(2009). Improving quality of mother–infant relationship and infant attachment in socioeconomically deprived community in South Africa: Randomised controlled trial. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 338, b974.
7. Dubowitz, H., & Bennett, S. (2007). Physical abuse and neglect of children. Lancet, 369, 1891–1899.
8. Duggan, A., Fuddy, L., Burrell, L., Higman, S.M., McFarlane, E., Windham, A., & Sia, C. (2004). Randomized trial of a statewide home visiting program to prevent child abuse: Impact in reducing parental risk factors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28, 625–645.
9. DuMont, K., Mitchell-Herzfeld, S., Greene, R., Lee, E., Lowenfels, A., Rodriguez, M., & Dorabawila, V. (2008). Healthy Families New York (HFNY) randomized trial: Effects on early child abuse and neglect. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32, 295–315.
10. Fergusson, D. M., Grant, H., Horwood, L. J., & Ridder,E. M. (2006). Randomized trial of the Early Start program of home visitation: Parent and family outcomes. Pediatrics, 117, 781–786.
11. Hotopf, M. (2002). The pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 8, 326–333.
12. Kalinauskiene, L., Cekuoliene, D., Van IJzendoorn, M.H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Juffer, F., & Kusakovskaja, I. (2009). Supporting insensitive mothers: The Vilnius randomized control trial of video-feedback intervention to promote maternal sensitivity and infant attachment security. Child: Care, Health and Development, 35, 613–623.
13. Laga, M., Rugg, D., Peersman, G., & Ainsworth, M. (2012). Evaluating HIV prevention effectiveness: The perfect as the enemy of the good. AIDS, 26, 779–783.
14. Macmillan, H. L., Wathen, C. N., Barlow, J.,Fergusson, D. M., Leventhal, J. M., & Taussig, H. N. (2009). Interventions to prevent child maltreatment and associated impairment. Lancet, 373, 250–266.
15. Mikton, C., & Butchart, A. (2009). Child maltreatment prevention: A systematic review of reviews. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 87, 353–361.
16. Mikton, C., Mehra, R., Butchart, A., Addiss, D., Almuneef, M., Cardia, N., Raleva, M. (2011). A multidimensional model for child maltreatment prevention readiness in low- and middle-income countries. Journal of Community Psychology, 39, 826–843.
17. Mills, R., Alati, R., O’Callaghan, M., Najman, J. M., Williams, G. M., Bor, W., & Strathearn, L. (2011). Child abuse and neglect and cognitive function at 14 years of age: Findings from a birth cohort. Pediatrics,127, 4–10.
18. Mock, C., Peden, M., Hyder, A. A., Butchart, A., &Krug, E. (2008). Child injuries and violence: The new challenge for child health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 86, 420.
19. Olds, D. L. (2006). The nurse–family partnership: An evidence-based preventive intervention. Infant Mental Health Journal, 27, 5–25.
20. Olds, D. L., Eckenrode, J., Henderson Jr, C. R., Kitzman, H., Powers, J., Cole, R., Luckey, D.
(1997). Long-term effects of home visitation on maternal life course and child abuse and neglect. Fifteen-year follow-up of a randomized trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 278, 637–643.
21. Oveisi, S., Hassan, E., Dadds, M., Majdzadeh, R., Mohammadkhani, P., Alaqband Rad, J., Shahrivar, Z. (2010). Primary prevention of parent–child conflict and abuse in Iranian mothers: A randomized-controlled trial. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34, 206–213.
22. Padian, N. S., Holmes, C. B., McCoy, S. I., Lyerla, R.,Bouey, P. D., & Goosby, E. P. (2011). Implementation science for the US President’sEmergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR).Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 56, 199–203.
23. Prinz, R. J., Sanders, M. R., Shapiro, C. J., Whitaker,D. J., & Lutzker, J. R. (2009). Population-based prevention of child maltreatment: The U.S. T TripleP System population trial. Prevention Science, 10, 1–12.
24. Rahman, A., Malik, A., Sikander, S., Roberts, C., &Creed, F. (2008). Cognitive behaviour therapy-based intervention by community health workers for mothers with depression and their infants in rural Pakistan: A cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 372, 902–909.
25. Renner, L. M., & Slack, K. S. (2006). Intimate partner violence and child maltreatment: Understanding intra– and intergenerational connections. Child Abuse & Neglect, 30, 599–617.
26. Scott, D. (2009). Think child, think family: How adult specialist services can support children at risk of abuse and neglect. Family Matters, 81, 37–42.
27. Segal, L., & Dalziel, K. (2011). Investing to protect our children: Using economics to derive an evidence-based strategy. Child Abuse Review, 20, 274–289.
28. Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J.,& Juffer, F. (2005). Why less is more: From the dodo bird verdict to evidence-based interventions on sensitivity and early attachments. In L. J. Berlin (Eds.),Enhancing early attachments: Theory, research, intervention, and policy (pp. 297–312). New York, NY:Guilford Press.
29. Van Zeijl, J., Mesman, J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Juffer, F., Stolk, M. N., Alink, L. R. (2006). Attachment-based intervention for enhancing sensitive discipline in mothers of 1– to 3-year-old children at risk for externalizing behavior problems: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 994–1005.
30. Wang, C. T., & Holton, J. (2007). Total estimated cost of child abuse and neglect in the United States. Chicago, IL: Prevent Child Abuse America.
31. World Health Organization (2006). Preventing child maltreatment: A guide to taking action and generating evidence. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
2. Barlow, J., Simkiss, D., & Stewart-Brown, S.
(2006).Interventions to prevent or ameliorate child physical abuse and neglect: Findings from a systematic review of reviews. Journal of Children’s Services, 1, 6–28.
3. Bhutta, Z. A., Thaver, D., Akram, D. S., & Khan, M. (2004). A situation and program analysis of malnutrition among women and children In Pakistan: Can we break the time warp? Maternal and child health in Pakistan: Challenges and opportunities (Vol. 1, pp. 151–172). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
4. Bhutta, Z. A., Chopra, M., Axelson, H., Berman, P., Boerma, T., Bryce, J., Wardlaw, T. (2010). Countdown to 2015 decade report (2000–10):Taking stock of maternal, newborn, and child survival. Lancet, 375, 2032–2044.
5. Cicchetti, D., Rogosch, F. A., & Toth, S. L. (2006).Fostering secure attachment in infants in maltreating families through preventive interventions.Development and Psychopathology, 18, 623–649.
6. Cooper, P. J., Tomlinson, M., Swartz, L., Landman, M., Molteno, C., Stein, A., Murray, L.
(2009). Improving quality of mother–infant relationship and infant attachment in socioeconomically deprived community in South Africa: Randomised controlled trial. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 338, b974.
7. Dubowitz, H., & Bennett, S. (2007). Physical abuse and neglect of children. Lancet, 369, 1891–1899.
8. Duggan, A., Fuddy, L., Burrell, L., Higman, S.M., McFarlane, E., Windham, A., & Sia, C. (2004). Randomized trial of a statewide home visiting program to prevent child abuse: Impact in reducing parental risk factors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28, 625–645.
9. DuMont, K., Mitchell-Herzfeld, S., Greene, R., Lee, E., Lowenfels, A., Rodriguez, M., & Dorabawila, V. (2008). Healthy Families New York (HFNY) randomized trial: Effects on early child abuse and neglect. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32, 295–315.
10. Fergusson, D. M., Grant, H., Horwood, L. J., & Ridder,E. M. (2006). Randomized trial of the Early Start program of home visitation: Parent and family outcomes. Pediatrics, 117, 781–786.
11. Hotopf, M. (2002). The pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 8, 326–333.
12. Kalinauskiene, L., Cekuoliene, D., Van IJzendoorn, M.H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Juffer, F., & Kusakovskaja, I. (2009). Supporting insensitive mothers: The Vilnius randomized control trial of video-feedback intervention to promote maternal sensitivity and infant attachment security. Child: Care, Health and Development, 35, 613–623.
13. Laga, M., Rugg, D., Peersman, G., & Ainsworth, M. (2012). Evaluating HIV prevention effectiveness: The perfect as the enemy of the good. AIDS, 26, 779–783.
14. Macmillan, H. L., Wathen, C. N., Barlow, J.,Fergusson, D. M., Leventhal, J. M., & Taussig, H. N. (2009). Interventions to prevent child maltreatment and associated impairment. Lancet, 373, 250–266.
15. Mikton, C., & Butchart, A. (2009). Child maltreatment prevention: A systematic review of reviews. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 87, 353–361.
16. Mikton, C., Mehra, R., Butchart, A., Addiss, D., Almuneef, M., Cardia, N., Raleva, M. (2011). A multidimensional model for child maltreatment prevention readiness in low- and middle-income countries. Journal of Community Psychology, 39, 826–843.
17. Mills, R., Alati, R., O’Callaghan, M., Najman, J. M., Williams, G. M., Bor, W., & Strathearn, L. (2011). Child abuse and neglect and cognitive function at 14 years of age: Findings from a birth cohort. Pediatrics,127, 4–10.
18. Mock, C., Peden, M., Hyder, A. A., Butchart, A., &Krug, E. (2008). Child injuries and violence: The new challenge for child health. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 86, 420.
19. Olds, D. L. (2006). The nurse–family partnership: An evidence-based preventive intervention. Infant Mental Health Journal, 27, 5–25.
20. Olds, D. L., Eckenrode, J., Henderson Jr, C. R., Kitzman, H., Powers, J., Cole, R., Luckey, D.
(1997). Long-term effects of home visitation on maternal life course and child abuse and neglect. Fifteen-year follow-up of a randomized trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 278, 637–643.
21. Oveisi, S., Hassan, E., Dadds, M., Majdzadeh, R., Mohammadkhani, P., Alaqband Rad, J., Shahrivar, Z. (2010). Primary prevention of parent–child conflict and abuse in Iranian mothers: A randomized-controlled trial. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34, 206–213.
22. Padian, N. S., Holmes, C. B., McCoy, S. I., Lyerla, R.,Bouey, P. D., & Goosby, E. P. (2011). Implementation science for the US President’sEmergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR).Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 56, 199–203.
23. Prinz, R. J., Sanders, M. R., Shapiro, C. J., Whitaker,D. J., & Lutzker, J. R. (2009). Population-based prevention of child maltreatment: The U.S. T TripleP System population trial. Prevention Science, 10, 1–12.
24. Rahman, A., Malik, A., Sikander, S., Roberts, C., &Creed, F. (2008). Cognitive behaviour therapy-based intervention by community health workers for mothers with depression and their infants in rural Pakistan: A cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 372, 902–909.
25. Renner, L. M., & Slack, K. S. (2006). Intimate partner violence and child maltreatment: Understanding intra– and intergenerational connections. Child Abuse & Neglect, 30, 599–617.
26. Scott, D. (2009). Think child, think family: How adult specialist services can support children at risk of abuse and neglect. Family Matters, 81, 37–42.
27. Segal, L., & Dalziel, K. (2011). Investing to protect our children: Using economics to derive an evidence-based strategy. Child Abuse Review, 20, 274–289.
28. Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J.,& Juffer, F. (2005). Why less is more: From the dodo bird verdict to evidence-based interventions on sensitivity and early attachments. In L. J. Berlin (Eds.),Enhancing early attachments: Theory, research, intervention, and policy (pp. 297–312). New York, NY:Guilford Press.
29. Van Zeijl, J., Mesman, J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Juffer, F., Stolk, M. N., Alink, L. R. (2006). Attachment-based intervention for enhancing sensitive discipline in mothers of 1– to 3-year-old children at risk for externalizing behavior problems: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 994–1005.
30. Wang, C. T., & Holton, J. (2007). Total estimated cost of child abuse and neglect in the United States. Chicago, IL: Prevent Child Abuse America.
31. World Health Organization (2006). Preventing child maltreatment: A guide to taking action and generating evidence. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
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