Габдулхаков В.Ф., Яшина О.В., Зиннурова А.Ф. Технология исследовательски-ориентированного обучения связной речи детей-билингвов
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10.24412/2782-4519-2022-3111-4-15
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Габдулхаков В.Ф., Яшина О.В., Зиннурова А.Ф. Технология исследовательски-ориентированного обучения связной речи детей-билингвов // Современное дошкольное образование. – 2022. – №3(111). – С. 4–15. DOI: 10.24412/2782-4519-2022-3111-4-15
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Аннотация
Актуальность тематики статьи обусловлена необходимостью развивать у детей-билингвов навыки, связанные с конструированием оригинальных текстов на втором языке. Проблема заключается в том, что традиционная методика учит звуковой культуре, лексике, синтаксису второго языка, а от детей в конце обучения требуется способность создавать оригинальные тексты в устной и письменной форме. Мы предположили, что, если дети будут исследовать механизмы построения связной речи на разных языках, сравнивать особенности их реализации на этих языках, самостоятельно осуществлять транспозицию (положительный перенос совпадающих схем организации связной речи) и преодолевать интерференцию (расходящихся схем построения связного текста), то качество их высказываний на двух языках может повыситься.
Цель статьи – показать результаты исследования по реализации технологии исследовательски-ориентированного обучения построению текста (связной речи). Связная речь понимается в статье как текст, созданный при помощи механизмов: 1) межфразовой связи, 2) последовательной реализации структурно-смысловых единиц, 3) уместного использования языковых средств стилистического единства.
Ход исследования. Педагогический эксперимент проводился на базе дошкольных учреждений Республики Татарстан, в которых дети осваивают три языка – русский, татарский, английский. Эксперимент проходил в 2018-2022 гг. Полученные данные сравнивались с контрольными группами, в которых такие задания не использовались. Общая численность испытуемых составила 2427 детей старшего дошкольного возраста. В педагогическом эксперименте мы попытались трансформировать традиционную методическую схему в технологическую – исследовательскую, при которой дети перестают играть пассивную роль исполнителей и превращаются в исследователей структуры текста (структуры связной речи). Объектом исследования для детей становится связная речь, предметом – механизмы построения связного текста на первом, на втором, иногда на третьем языках.
Результаты исследования оказались значимыми: если в экспериментальных группах количество детей, сумевших построить оригинальный текст на втором языке, возросло в среднем на 50%, то в контрольных только на 3%.
Заключение. Исследовательски-ориентированная технология формирования текстовых навыков может использоваться при обучении разным языкам. Эта технология стимулирует самостоятельный поиск, учит сравнивать особенности двух языков, самостоятельно осуществлять транспозицию (положительный перенос законов одного языка на другой язык), преодолевать текстовую интерференцию (отрицательное влияние законов одного языка на другой), развивает навыки по анализу и составлению связных текстов на родном, втором и третьем языках.
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33. National Center for Education Statistics. 2016. “Digest of Educational Statistics. Table 204.27. English language learner (ELL) students enrolled in public elementary and secondary schools, by grade, home language, and selected student characteristics: Selected years, 2008-09 through fall 2015.” National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed 18 December 2018. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d17/tables/dt17_204.27.asp?current=yes.
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